The water mills of Beira Baixa, Portugal, are a genuine expression of regional culture and reflect the traditional way of life of its people. These mills, known as wheel mills, were built using local materials such as stone (schist, metagraywacke and quartzite) and clay.
The operation of these mills was based on the force of the water, which, when hitting the blades of the wheel, made it move in circles. Inside, this movement was transmitted to the millstones, which crushed the cereals placed in the hopper, transforming them into flour.
Characteristics of the water mills of Beira Baixa:
Construction: They used local materials such as stone and clay.
Mechanism: They operated through a wheel system driven by the force of the water.
Function: Grinding cereals to produce flour.
Cultural importance: They were essential to the rural economy and the survival of the local population.
These mills were not only functional structures, but also an integral part of the social life of the region. On Sunday afternoons, young people would gather in the village squares and sing the “mill song”, reflecting the importance of these devices in the local culture.
Today, many of these mills are in ruins, but they still offer an enchanting experience to visitors, combining stunning landscapes, cultural heritage and a deep connection with nature. They represent an important part of the cultural heritage of Beira Baixa and Portugal in general, bearing witness to the way of life of pre-industrial communities.
The Eternum Ebrietas Farmers’ Association will be grinding its members’ corn in the water mill located in Aldeia da Cerejeira in 2025. The water channels have been cleaned and restored, and the mill is now functional. To all those who would like to collaborate with this and other similar initiatives – visits, restoration of cultural heritage, community work, etc. – join us here.
Thank you.
